January 6th, 2009
What is the effectiveness of current rehabilitation practices in
correctional facilities in the United States?Hello Wallygator,
A tendency to relapse to a previous criminal behavior pattern is
referred to as “recidivism”.
The MTC Institute released a report earlier this year that “presents
the wide-ranging definitions of recidivism, how recidivism relates to
the escalating prison population, and an evaluation of the factors
that influence outcomes for released offenders.”
http://www.mtcinstitute.com/publications/recidivism.pdf
This report discusses four types of programs that reduce recidivism
and their effectiveness:
Correctional Education
“A Correctional Education Association (CEA) study shows participants
in educational programming enjoy a statistically significant lower
re-incarceration rate of 21% compared to 31% for non-participants.”
Substance And Drug Abuse Treatment
“Drug therapy while in prison and under post-incarceration supervision
can reduce recidivism by roughly 50%”
Cognitive Skills Training
“ - Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT) has a 28% recidivism rate for
participants versus 32% for the control group.
- Reasoning and Rehabilitation (R & R) therapy proved successful with
participants, reducing recidivist behavior 37%.”
Re-Entry Programs
“Supervised reentry programs across the country appear to reduce
recidivism. Participant recidivism dropped 41% for new criminal
convictions over a three-year period. At the Chicago Parolee Re-entry
program for Illinois, the treatment group recidivated at 35% compared
to 52% for the control group.”
Fr more information on education programs, visit the website of the
Correctional Education Association (CEA).
http://www.ceanational.org/
For recidivism data, click on “Research” in the menu on the left side
of the page, near the bottom.
On this page, at the bottom of the list, you will find a link to the
“Three State Recidivism Study”.
According to this study:
- The re-arrest rates of correctional education participants were 48%,
compared to 57% for the non-participants
- Re-conviction rates were 27% for correctional educational
participants, compared to 35% for non-participants
- Re-incarceration rates were 21%, compared to 31% for
non-participants
For more information about Substance And Drug Abuse Treatment, visit
the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP)
website.
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/
Drug Treatment in the Criminal, Justice System, March 2001
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/factsht/treatment/index.html
“The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) provides drug treatment to all
eligible inmates, prior to their release from custody, in accordance
with the requirements of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement
Act of 1994. BOP operates several types of drug abuse programs:
residential programs, transitional programs, nonresidential programs,
and drug education programs. Residential drug treatment is generally
provided in dedicated units separate from general population units for
drug detoxification participants.”
---
“Outcomes of Treatment
BOP conducted a survey of drug treatment outcomes among inmates who
were released no later than December 31, 1995, and who completed the
residential drug abuse treatment program. The survey found that only
3.3% were likely to be rearrested in the first 6 months after release,
compared with 12.1% of inmates who did not receive treatment.
Similarly, among those who received treatment, 20.5% were likely to
use drugs in the first 6 months after release. In the group without
treatment, 36.7% used drugs during postrelease.”
Other references:
The National Institute for Literacy (NIFL)
“Correctional Education Facts”
http://novel.nifl.gov/nifl/facts/correctional.html
National Institute of Corrections
“Moving from Correctional Program to Correctional Strategy:
Using Proven Practices to Change Criminal Behavior”
http://www.nicic.org/pubs/2001/017624.pdf
U.S. Department of Justice
Bureau of Justice Statistics
"Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994"
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/rpr94.htm
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
“Corrections Rehabilitation and Treatment”
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/jjbulletin/9907_3/correct.html
The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life
“Study Touts Faith-Based Prison Rehabilitation Program”
http://pewforum.org/news/display.php?NewsID=2333
Citizens Commission on Human Rights
“Whither Rehabilitation?”
http://www.cchr.org/justice/ajfan2.htm
I hope you have found this information helpful. If you have any
questions, please request clarification prior to rating the answer.
Googlenut
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